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RESPOND Model Materials

RESPOND simulates opioid use disorder as a series of transitions between health states defined by: 1) active vs no active drug use, and 2) non-injection vs. injection use. Permutations along these two axes lead to 4 unique states: active non-injection, active injection, non-active non-injection, and non-active injection. Active use states are characterized by a risk of overdose, as well as higher healthcare utilization, with the highest risk and highest cost being among active injection users. By simulating bidirectional movement between these states (Figure A below), RESPOND replicates the relapsing and remitting nature of OUD. The model also includes simulation of various modalities and venues for OUD treatment including (see Figure B below): community-based buprenorphine-naloxone, community-based injectable naltrexone, methadone maintenance programs, acute inpatient detoxification centers, long-term residential treatment centers, and correctional settings (which could be employed as a venue for treatment). The model also includes simulation of the period of increased overdose risk following a period of prolonged abstinence, such as when patients disengage from medications-based therapy, leave a detox center, or are released from jail.

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More detailed information can be found in the Technical Appendix below.

Overview of the RESPOND Model

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